{"id":19229,"date":"2017-02-24T08:00:57","date_gmt":"2017-02-24T07:00:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ferrovial.com\/blog\/es\/?p=19229"},"modified":"2025-12-12T11:24:16","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T10:24:16","slug":"antoni-gaudi-and-emerging-technologies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ferrovial.com\/blog\/en\/2017\/02\/antoni-gaudi-and-emerging-technologies\/","title":{"rendered":"What relationship is there between Gaud\u00ed and emerging technologies?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Gaud\u00ed not only has a very recognisable architectural style, he was also a true pioneer for his time. It should be remembered that he started working on the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona back in 1882. At the time, architects and builders used a very traditional two-dimensional approach to their work.<\/p>\n<p>Gaud\u00ed worked with a different type of geometry, for which he needed a different work methodology. 2D graphics were no good to him, except for <a title=\"La Sagrada Familia-3D Systems\" href=\"https:\/\/www.3dsystems.com\/sites\/www.3dsystems.com\/files\/393_Sagrada%2520Familia%2520Final.pd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow noopener noreferrer\">axis and column layout purposes<\/a>.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"instagram-media\" style=\"background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 658px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);\" data-instgrm-captioned=\"\" data-instgrm-version=\"7\">\n<div style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<div style=\"background: #F8F8F8; line-height: 0; margin-top: 40px; padding: 50.0% 0; text-align: center; width: 100%;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 8px 0 0 0; padding: 0 4px;\"><a style=\"color: #000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/BFOXYqNPTqt\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">_Evoluci\u00f3 de la Bas\u00edlica\u2026 en fotos! Us deixem 3 imatges. Foto d\u2019arxiu de la #SagradaFam\u00edlia de l\u2019any 2016 _Evoluci\u00f3n de la Bas\u00edlica\u2026 \u00a1en fotos! Os dejamos con tres im\u00e1genes. Fotograf\u00eda de archivo de la #SagradaFamilia en el a\u00f1o 2016 _Evolution of the Basilica\u2026 in pictures! Here are 3 photos. Archive photo of the #SagradaFam\u00edlia in 2016 #constru\u00efmeldem\u00e0 #construimoselma\u00f1ana #WeBuildTomorrow #AntoniGaud\u00ed #Gaud\u00ed #architecture #arquitectura #Barcelona #modernisme #modernism #Bas\u00edlica<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;\">Una foto publicada por Bas\u00edlica de la Sagrada Fam\u00edlia (@basilicasagradafamilia) el <time style=\"font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px;\" datetime=\"2016-05-10T11:06:56+00:00\">10 de May de 2016 a la(s) 4:06 PDT<\/time><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><script src=\"\/\/platform.instagram.com\/en_US\/embeds.js\" async=\"\" defer=\"defer\"><\/script><\/p>\n<h2><strong>The relationship between Gaud\u00ed and emerging technologies <\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>The precursor of 3D\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Due to the complexity of shapes of the Sagrada Familia, Antoni Gaud\u00ed switched to a three-dimensional approach. The design of the Sagrada Familia, which can also be observed in some of his other famous works, required 3D models for visualising architectural solutions and analysing structural feasibility. From the very beginning, Gaud\u00ed brought together a team of expert modellers and sculptors to study solutions which were later either discarded, or used and visible today.<\/p>\n<p>Although Gaud\u00ed died in 1926, he left 1:10 and 1:25 <a title=\"Cathedral art fibreglass molds-Compositesworld\" href=\"https:\/\/www.compositesworld.com\/articles\/cathedral-art-fiberglass-molds-shape-unfinished-masterpiece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow noopener noreferrer\">plaster models<\/a> of many parts of the building \u00a0Many of these models survived despite the fire which in 1936 destroyed the <a title=\"Gaudi Workshop- Dacidcardelus.com\" href=\"http:\/\/www.davidcardelus.com\/blog\/photographing-gaudi-workshop\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow noopener noreferrer\">workshop<\/a> where Gaud\u00ed used to work.The models were subsequently restored and classified by architects Francesc Quintana, Isidre Puig Boada and Llu\u00eds Bonet Gar\u00ed, and the temple\u2019s own modelling workshop.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_19242\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/02\/13153824\/gaudi-printable-3d-architectue.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19242\" class=\"wp-image-19242\" src=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/02\/13153824\/gaudi-printable-3d-architectue.jpg\" alt=\"Gaudi's own modelling workshop\" width=\"550\" height=\"366\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/02\/13153824\/gaudi-printable-3d-architectue.jpg 750w, https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/02\/13153824\/gaudi-printable-3d-architectue-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-19242\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source : Gaudidesigner<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Full-size drawings have been computer-generated based on such<a title=\"Gaudi's drawings- Grabcad\" href=\"https:\/\/grabcad.com\/library\/light-of-antoni-gaudi-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow noopener noreferrer\"> models,<\/a> and can now be used either to print using 3D printers or to make further replicas and reconstructions of the works of Gaud\u00ed. In fact, one of the architectural firms in charge of continuing work on the Sagrada Familia is using such techniques to finish the building.<\/p>\n<p>According to Jordi Coll, one of the architects involved in building the inside of the temple, \u201cif Gaud\u00ed were alive today, he would have taken 3D technology to the limit, for a large part of his work was already three-dimensional in concept\u201d. In fact, current technology is helping to complete the work, especially in putting together and building its geometrical content with the shapes designed by Gaud\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>It was in 1991 that a team of architects from the<a title=\"Barcelona Technical University-UPC.edu\" href=\"http:\/\/www.upc.edu\/?set_language=es\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow noopener noreferrer\"> Barcelona Technical University<\/a> (UPC) realised that by applying computer assisted design (CAD) technology to the geometrical figures with which Gaud\u00ed worked it was possible to set parameters which followed certain rules and a mathematical logic. Gaudi did not use the ubiquitous decimal system, but the duodecimal system.<\/p>\n<p>A <a title=\"Building the Sagrada Famlia-UPC\" href=\"http:\/\/www.upc.edu\/saladepremsa\/al-dia\/mes-noticies\/2008\/un-libro-de-la-upc-explica-el-metodo-utilizado-por\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow noopener noreferrer\">book<\/a> has been published describing how the Sagrada Familia has been built, and how work on it is being carried out today with the help of advanced computer tools.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Gaud\u00ed<\/strong><strong>\u2019s new figures<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>As explained on the web page of Gaudi\u2019s <a title=\"Gaudi's unfinished work- Sagradafamilia.org\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sagradafamilia.org\/es\/geometria\/,\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow noopener noreferrer\">unfinished work<\/a> there are several architectural innovations that we owe to this Catalan genius.<\/p>\n<p>Hyperboloids, paraboloids, ellipsoids, helicoids, conoids or double twisted columns are some of the innovations which are so characteristic of Gaudi.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/ZJ5Y4BDYcjQ\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>As we saw earlier, one of the specific characteristics of the work of this architect is that he used <a title=\"Geometry-Sagradafamilia.com\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sagradafamilia.org\/es\/geometria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow noopener noreferrer\">proportions<\/a> based on twelfths of the largest dimension, as in 1 to \u00bd, 1 to \u2154, 1 to \u00be, etc., to provide proportions for the width, length and height of every part of the temple. For example; dividing the total length of the temple (90 metres) by 12 gives us a module of 7.5 metres, which is used for the floor plan and the heights of the Sagrada Familia.<\/p>\n<p>The different measurements can be compared to better appreciate the use of numerical series, not only for the temple\u2019s general dimensions, but also the diameters and heights of the columns, the diameters of the window openings and vaults, etc. For example; the total height of a column is always, in metres, double the number of points of the cross-sectional polygon of its base: a column with a 12-point star as its base is 24 metres high; a column with an 8-point star base is 16 metres high, etc.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>The shapes of inverted hanging chains<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Gaud\u00ed did not really enjoy drawing. In addition to his use of models, instead of the traditional plans, Gaud\u00ed designed a complex set of <a title=\"Introducing arhchitecture of antoni-Trevor Huxham\" href=\"http:\/\/www.trevorhuxham.com\/2014\/02\/introducing-architecture-of-antoni.html.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow noopener noreferrer\">hanging chains <\/a>that he attached to the ceiling to figure out the design for many of his religious commissions, including the Sagrada Familia itself.<\/p>\n<p>Gaud\u00ed spent ten years of his life working on this \u201changing chain\u201d model, made with weights on strings. The resulting arched shapes were, when turned upside down, what the architect was looking for as an architectural shape.<\/p>\n<p>It is known that Gaud\u00ed drew the outline of the temple he was <a title=\"Building designs-Memetician\" href=\"http:\/\/memetician.livejournal.com\/201202.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow noopener noreferrer\">designing on a wooden board<\/a> (on a scale of 1:10), which he then attached to the ceiling. He hung cords at the points where the columns were to go. He then placed small sacks filled with pellets (which weighed a tenth of the weight the arches would have to support) from each of the catenary arches formed by the cords.<\/p>\n<p>One of his first drawings of the design was this:<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_19245\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/02\/13153823\/gaudi-drwing-3d-architecture.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19245\" class=\"wp-image-19245 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/02\/13153823\/gaudi-drwing-3d-architecture.jpg\" alt=\"Gaudi drawing 3d architecture\" width=\"565\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/02\/13153823\/gaudi-drwing-3d-architecture.jpg 565w, https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/02\/13153823\/gaudi-drwing-3d-architecture-226x300.jpg 226w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 565px) 100vw, 565px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-19245\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Gaudiclub<\/p><\/div>\n<p>He photographed the resulting model from various angles until he achieved the exact shape of the church\u2019s structure, knowing from the model exactly where the columns should go. Gaud\u00ed\u2019s original model is on display in Barcelona.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_19247\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/02\/13153823\/gaudi-3d-architecture-hanging-chains.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19247\" class=\"wp-image-19247 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/02\/13153823\/gaudi-3d-architecture-hanging-chains.jpg\" alt=\"Gaudi 3d architecture- Hanging chains\" width=\"366\" height=\"478\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/02\/13153823\/gaudi-3d-architecture-hanging-chains.jpg 366w, https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/02\/13153823\/gaudi-3d-architecture-hanging-chains-230x300.jpg 230w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 366px) 100vw, 366px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-19247\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Pintrest<\/p><\/div>\n<p>This way of working was very original, but also very costly. However, it has been so influential that even the<a title=\"Form finding and structural optimization class-MIT.edu\" href=\"https:\/\/ocw.mit.edu\/courses\/architecture\/4-491-form-finding-and-structural-optimization-gaudi-workshop-fall-2004\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow noopener noreferrer\"> MIT offered a workshop <\/a>based on his methods.<\/p>\n<p>Last year, researchers at the MIT developed a new virtual method that creates models of 3D structures. Designers can interact with it by cutting virtual strings and adding virtual weights to see how their building changes form. They can use this 3d architecture program to invent innovative shapes for the buildings of the future, where the shape of the building responds to the loads acting on it.This programme is still available<\/p>\n<p>This way of working devised by Gaud\u00ed makes us wonder what he could have achieved if today\u2019s technologies had been available to him. What would he have achieved using 3D digital design tools, and Virtual Reality for visualising, showing and feeling his work before carrying it out; 3D printing for testing and making models or even some constructive elements; drones and sensors (IoT) for observing the evolution and safety of his works, or social networks for analysing the impact of such work on his fellow countrymen. All of these tools are already available to us today, so perhaps the correct question would be: \u201cHow did Gaud\u00ed manage to do all he did without them?<\/p>\n<p><em>An article by Javier L\u00e1zaro<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gaud\u00ed not only has a very recognisable architectural style, he was also a true pioneer for his time. It should be remembered that he started working on the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona back in 1882. At the time, architects and builders used a very traditional two-dimensional approach to their work. Gaud\u00ed worked with a different [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":19250,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"nivel-1":[4654],"nivel-2":[4711,4705,4743,4757,4750,4818],"nivel-3":[4847],"nivel-4":[5748,5718],"nivel-5":[],"topic":[7296,7300],"coauthors":[2807],"class_list":["post-19229","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","post_format-post-format-image","nivel-1-construction","nivel-2-building","nivel-2-design-and-engineering","nivel-2-infrastructures","nivel-2-materials","nivel-2-research","nivel-2-urban-innovation","nivel-3-spain","nivel-4-barcelona-en","nivel-4-catalonia","topic-construction-and-infrastructure","topic-technology-and-innovation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What relationship is there between Gaud\u00ed and emerging technologies? - Ferrovial&#039;s blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What relationship is there between Gaud\u00ed and emerging technologies? 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