{"id":35271,"date":"2020-05-25T10:55:02","date_gmt":"2020-05-25T08:55:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ferrovial.com\/blog\/?p=35271"},"modified":"2025-12-11T10:07:11","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T09:07:11","slug":"granaries-mills-and-dovecotes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ferrovial.com\/blog\/en\/2020\/05\/granaries-mills-and-dovecotes\/","title":{"rendered":"Horr\u00e9os (typical Spanish granaries), Wind Mills and Dovecotes: Traditional Structures That Grace Our Landscapes Today"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\r\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\r\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\r\n  \"mainEntity\": [{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"What is an H\u00f3rreo?\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"These typical spanish granaries are for storing, drying, and preserving food. In Galicia, Asturias, and northern Portugal, where they are more common, this requires good insulation, ventilation, and moisture protection.\r\n\r\nThese are storage chambers made of stone or wood, raised off of the ground with supports. Though their shape and materials depend partially on the area and the type of grain to be stored, they usually have a few common characteristics. There are, for example, what are called tornarrates in Galicia: usually convex surfaces that separate the chamber from the columns and other supports, and which prevented rodents from getting to the food. Similarly, there are usually tornaformigas at the feet. These are small pits filled with water that keep ants from climbing into the chambers.\"\r\n    }\r\n  },{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"What is a Silo?\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"The use of silos, underground holes where grain and other materials were stored, dates back to ancient Greece. However, throughout history, many silos were no longer underground and started to rise as large towers.\r\n\r\nIn Spain, most of the large silos were built during the Francoist dictatorship. They are mostly found in the regions of Aragon, Castilla y Le\u00f3n, Extremadura, and Andalusia, and they are so iconic that many know them as the cathedrals of the countryside. During the dictatorship, more than 600 silos were built, but the grain warehouses fell into disuse in the last few decades of the 20th century.\"\r\n    }\r\n  },{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"What are the dovecotes?\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"Another structure that is very characteristic of Castilla y Le\u00f3n, especially in the Tierra de Campos region, is the dovecote. These were built to raise pigeons and chicks for their commercial use.\r\n\r\nDovecotes were built with materials like mud and adobe, and they managed to maintain a cool temperature while protecting from water, cold, and humidity. Inside were rows of small alcoves for pigeons to nest.\r\n\r\nOver the centuries, pigeons were bred to either be sold as food or become carrier pigeons. In addition, pigeon droppings, called palomina in Spanish, were used to fertilize crop fields. However, raising pigeons declined in the second half of the 20th century.\r\n\r\nToday, many of the dovecotes that dot Castilla y Le\u00f3n have fallen into disuse and poor conditions, though they remain a cornerstone of its landscape.\"\r\n    }\r\n  },{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"What is a Mill and what type of them are there?\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"It is estimated that the first mills appeared as far back as the expansion of agriculture. For centuries, humans have used energy to power different grinding mechanisms.\r\n\r\nGenerally, the most basic mills consist of one fixed circular stone and one that moves. The latter rotates on the former, driven by energy from wind, water, people, or animals (forming windmills, watermills, mills powered by working animals, and so on). Over the centuries, mills were perfected so that it was possible to grind more material and achieve higher quality results with less effort.\r\n\r\nAround the world, numerous regions have mills of different types from different eras. In Spain, the windmills of Castilla la Mancha are especially recognizable.\"\r\n    }\r\n  }]\r\n}\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">When European colonizers started to ship maize from America to Europe, they noted that it adapted to the temperate, humid climate of Galicia well. The region already had buildings raised off of the ground that<b> allowed them to keep grain crops and other food<\/b> safe from inclement weather and animals. These were granaries.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Several hundred kilometers away in the peninsula&#8217;s interior, there were different needs. A different climate and crops brought about the construction of silos, dovecotes, and windmills <b>over the years<\/b>. For the most part, these structures are no longer used as they were but are still standing. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">We&#8217;re going to review several traditional structures from different parts of Spain that were necessary at other times and are now <b>part of these region&#8217;s histories and landscapes<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">What is an H\u00f3rreo?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">These typical spanish granaries are for storing, drying, and preserving food. In Galicia, Asturias, and northern Portugal, where they are more common, this requires good <b>insulation, ventilation, and moisture protection<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">These are storage chambers made of stone or wood, raised off of the ground with supports. Though their shape and materials depend partially on the area and the type of grain to be stored, they usually have a few common characteristics. There are, for example, <a href=\"https:\/\/horreosdegalicia.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"s2\">what are called <\/span><span class=\"s3\"><i>tornarrates<\/i><\/span><\/a> in Galicia: <b>usually convex surfaces that separate the chamber<\/b> from the columns and other supports, and which prevented rodents from getting to the food. Similarly, there are usually <\/span><span class=\"s4\"><i>tornaformigas<\/i><\/span><span class=\"s1\"> at the feet. These are small pits filled with water that keep ants from climbing into the chambers. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-35265 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/05\/13125646\/imagee.jpg\" alt=\"H\u00f3rreo, typical spanish Granary\" width=\"500\" height=\"271\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/05\/13125646\/imagee.jpg 500w, https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/05\/13125646\/imagee-300x163.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The granaries are thought to come from buildings once used in Celtic villages, even though <a href=\"http:\/\/www.museo.depo.gal\/noticias\/notas.de.prensa\/es.02010152.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"s2\">the first visual representation<\/span><\/a> that remains is in the pages of the <b>Cantigas de Santa Mar\u00eda, attributed to Alfonso X the Wise<\/b> and dated to the 13th century. This evidence suggests that these buildings were in use long before corn was introduced to Europe. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">However, once it was introduced, many granaries were built specifically to store this food. Some are still in use today.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-35267 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/05\/13125646\/imagef.jpg\" alt=\"H\u00f3rreo typical spanish granary\" width=\"577\" height=\"547\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/05\/13125646\/imagef.jpg 577w, https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/05\/13125646\/imagef-300x284.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 577px) 100vw, 577px\" \/>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The granaries of the peninsular northwest have many similarities with other raised granaries that can be found in different countries in Europe and other continents, such as <b>Scandinavia, Switzerland, and Japan<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">What is a Silo?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The use of silos, underground holes where grain and other materials were stored, dates back to ancient Greece. However, throughout history, many silos <b>were no longer underground<\/b> and started to rise as large towers.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">In Spain, most of the large silos were built during the Francoist dictatorship. They are mostly found in the regions of <b>Aragon, Castilla y Le\u00f3n, Extremadura, and Andalusia<\/b>, and they are so iconic that many know them as the cathedrals of the countryside. During the dictatorship, <a href=\"https:\/\/cronicaglobal.elespanol.com\/vida\/graneros-franquismo-precio-ganga_251673_102.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"s2\">more than 600 silos<\/span><\/a> were built, but the grain warehouses fell into disuse in the last few decades of the 20th century. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35257\" src=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/05\/13125654\/image10-e1590396373809.jpg\" alt=\"Silos\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" \/>\r\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Their main purpose was none other than to store grain and other foods like olives, though <a href=\"https:\/\/silosygraneros.es\/tipologias-de-silos-y-graneros\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"s2\">some had other, more specific purposes<\/span><\/a>. The structures were also used to <b>facilitate introducing, issuing, and sorting<\/b> the material. This sometimes involved the use of machinery, given their size: some silos can measure up to 30 meters high and can store tons of grain.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Generally, this machinery was based on elevators and systems that allowed the material to be divided into different cells.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u00bfC\u00f3mo funciona un silo?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tW7e-WSKR70?start=110&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Currently, this maintenance is complicated and expensive. <a href=\"https:\/\/cronicaglobal.elespanol.com\/vida\/graneros-franquismo-precio-ganga_251673_102.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"s2\">Some of these buildings <\/span><\/a>have been remodeled as <b>museums, theaters, libraries, and even one student residence<\/b>, to name just a few. <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">What are the dovecotes?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35259\" src=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/05\/13125653\/image11-e1590396426625.jpg\" alt=\"Dovecotes\" width=\"600\" height=\"401\" \/>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Another structure that is very characteristic of Castilla y Le\u00f3n, especially in the Tierra de Campos region, is the dovecote. These were built to <b>raise pigeons and chicks<\/b> for their commercial use. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Dovecotes were built with <b>materials like mud and adobe<\/b>, and they managed to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.timrural.com\/en-tu-pueblo-hay-palomares\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"s2\">maintain a cool temperature<\/span><\/a> while protecting from water, cold, and humidity. Inside were rows of small alcoves for pigeons to nest. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Over the centuries, pigeons were bred to either <b>be sold as food or become carrier pigeons<\/b>. In addition, pigeon droppings, called <\/span><span class=\"s3\"><i>palomina<\/i><\/span><span class=\"s1\"> in Spanish, were used to fertilize crop fields. However, raising pigeons declined in the second half of the 20th century. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Today, many of the dovecotes that dot Castilla y Le\u00f3n have fallen into disuse and poor conditions, though they remain a cornerstone of its landscape. <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">What is a Mill and what type of them are there?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">It is estimated that the first mills <b>appeared as far back<\/b> as the expansion of agriculture. For centuries, humans have used energy to power different grinding mechanisms.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Generally, the most basic mills consist of one fixed circular stone and one that moves. The latter rotates on the former, driven by <b>energy from wind, water, people, or animals<\/b> (forming windmills, watermills, mills powered by working animals, and so on). Over the centuries, mills were perfected so that it was possible to grind more material and achieve higher quality results with less effort. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Around the world, numerous regions have mills of different types from different eras. In Spain, <b>the windmills of Castilla la Mancha are especially recognizable<\/b>. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35261\" src=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/05\/13125651\/image12-e1590396489427.jpg\" alt=\"Mills\" width=\"600\" height=\"389\" \/>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">These mills, which were immortalized in the pages of &#8216;Don Quixote de la Mancha,&#8217; are usually based on a cylindrical stone structure that a separate upper part rests on. This may be rotated to <b>turn the blades<\/b> depending on the wind direction. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Inside, a system of gears and stones make grinding &#8211; usually wheat &#8211; possible. From the 16th century on, mills were <a href=\"http:\/\/oa.upm.es\/1270\/1\/ENRIQUE_PEREZ_MARTIN_A.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"s2\">a vital part of the economy<\/span><\/a> in some regions of Spain, such as La Mancha, up until the mid-20th century when they ceased grinding. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Today, the landscape of La Mancha combines these mills with current models, which generate wind electricity. Above all, they are visited by lovers of history and literature. <\/span><\/p><p><em>An article by Tania Alonso Cascallana<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When European colonizers started to ship maize from America to Europe, they noted that it adapted to the temperate, humid climate of Galicia well. The region already had buildings raised off of the ground that allowed them to keep grain crops and other food safe from inclement weather and animals. These were granaries. Several hundred [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":35263,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"nivel-1":[4654],"nivel-2":[4711],"nivel-3":[4847],"nivel-4":[],"nivel-5":[],"topic":[7296],"coauthors":[6175],"class_list":["post-35271","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","post_format-post-format-image","nivel-1-construction","nivel-2-building","nivel-3-spain","topic-construction-and-infrastructure"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>H\u00f3rreos, Mills, Dovecotes: Traditional Structures on Spanish Landscapes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u00f3rreos, Silos, Windmills or Palomares are constructions that contain almost forgotten uses but describe beautiful landscapes.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ferrovial.com\/blog\/en\/2020\/05\/granaries-mills-and-dovecotes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"H\u00f3rreos, Mills, Dovecotes: Traditional Structures on Spanish Landscapes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"H\u00f3rreos, Silos, Windmills or Palomares are constructions that contain almost forgotten uses but describe beautiful landscapes.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ferrovial.com\/blog\/en\/2020\/05\/granaries-mills-and-dovecotes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ferrovial\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ferrovial\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-05-25T08:55:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-11T09:07:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/05\/23151049\/imaged-e1590396813244.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"639\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ferrovial_es\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ferrovial_es\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Tania Alonso\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"H\u00f3rreos, Mills, Dovecotes: Traditional Structures on Spanish 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landscapes.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.ferrovial.com\/blog\/en\/2020\/05\/granaries-mills-and-dovecotes\/","og_site_name":"Ferrovial","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ferrovial","article_published_time":"2020-05-25T08:55:02+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-12-11T09:07:11+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":639,"url":"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/05\/23151049\/imaged-e1590396813244.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@ferrovial_es","twitter_site":"@ferrovial_es","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Tania Alonso","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.ferrovial.com\/blog\/en\/2020\/05\/granaries-mills-and-dovecotes\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ferrovial.com\/blog\/en\/2020\/05\/granaries-mills-and-dovecotes\/"},"headline":"Horr\u00e9os (typical Spanish granaries), Wind Mills and 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