{"id":51986,"date":"2024-09-17T10:00:25","date_gmt":"2024-09-17T08:00:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ferrovial.com\/blog\/?p=51986"},"modified":"2025-12-11T23:45:09","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T22:45:09","slug":"how-roman-cities-were-organized","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ferrovial.com\/blog\/en\/2024\/09\/how-roman-cities-were-organized\/","title":{"rendered":"From Florence to Zaragoza: cities where we can still see how Roman cities were organized"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": [{\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"How were Roman cities organized?\",\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"Roman cities had a rectangular plan in which two streets took center stage: the Cardo and the Decumanus. The first crossed the city from north to south and the second from east to west. The rest of the narrower roads ran parallel to the two main roads, forming an orderly grid.\"\n    }\n  },{\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"In which cities can you find a Roman grid?\",\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"A good example is Florence, a city that grew significantly during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, but also retains traces of its Roman past.\nThe old town has a rectangular plan in which the Cardo and Decumanus, which intersect in Piazza della Repubblica, still survive. The succession of orderly, parallel streets in the historic center contrasts with many other European cities that grew during the Middle Ages, where the plan tends to be much more disorderly.<\/p>\n<p>Another city in which the remains of a Roman plan can be seen is M\u00e9rida. Although the composition has changed substantially, the historic center is still organized in a fairly orderly succession of streets arranged in a grid. These streets lead to places and monuments that maintain their Roman past, such as the bridge over the Guadiana, the arch of Trajan, the theater and the amphitheater.<\/p>\n<p>Zaragoza also stands out in the list of cities that maintain traces of Roman urban development. The ancient Caesaraugusta located its Cardo in what today is the area of Calle Don Jaime I, and its Decumanus in the surroundings of the Calle Mayor. In this way, the streets crossed the entire city from north to south and from east to west, connecting the gates of the city.\"\n    }\n  }]\n}\n<\/script><br \/>\nBefore laying the foundation stone of a new city, the Romans consulted wild animals to see if the chosen site was the right one. Numerous writings relate how, following the Etruscan tradition, they dissected an animal &#8211; usually a bird &#8211; to <strong>examine its entrails<\/strong>. If their lungs and stomachs were sound, it confirmed that the air and water in the area were healthy and that people who settled there would be too.<\/p>\n<p>Settlers were then ready to hold the first ceremony in honor of the future city. They paid homage to the gods and prayed that the future of the city would be successful and prosperous. But behind all these rites was <strong>an entire planning process<\/strong> that went beyond the symbolic. The Romans chose the location of cities taking into account access to water, soil quality, proximity to raw materials, and the possibility of establishing road networks with the rest of their territories.<\/p>\n<p>Once the site was chosen, urban development began, which in many cities took the form of <strong>streets perfectly ordered by grids<\/strong>. In some cities, such as Florence, Merida and Zaragoza, the layout left by the Romans thousands of years ago can still be seen today. You just need to know where to search for it.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00a0How were Roman cities organized?<\/h2>\n<p>Roman cities had a rectangular plan in which <strong>two streets took center stage<\/strong>: the Cardo and the Decumanus. The first crossed the city from north to south and the second from east to west. The rest of the narrower roads ran parallel to the two main roads, forming an orderly grid.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-51971 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/09\/17071134\/urbanismo-romano-cardo-decumano.jpg\" alt=\"Remains of the Cardo in the Roman city of Gerasa, Jordan. \" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/09\/17071134\/urbanismo-romano-cardo-decumano.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/09\/17071134\/urbanismo-romano-cardo-decumano-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/09\/17071134\/urbanismo-romano-cardo-decumano-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/09\/17071134\/urbanismo-romano-cardo-decumano-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/09\/17071134\/urbanismo-romano-cardo-decumano-290x192.jpg 290w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Remains of the Cardo in the Roman city of Gerasa, Jordan. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/ewolivera\/28877598390\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Edgardo W. Olivera (Flickr)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>At the point where the Cardo and Decumanus met was the forum, a large space where the main public buildings were located &#8211; the equivalent of the Greek agoras and <strong>an ancestor of our town squares<\/strong>. Although each city had its own characteristics and singularities, markets and buildings dedicated to leisure such as baths, circuses and theaters were often located in the vicinity of the forum.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-51973\" src=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/09\/17071303\/urbanismo-romano-calles.jpg\" alt=\"Representation of the Roman city of Mediolanum (present-day Milan).\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/09\/17071303\/urbanismo-romano-calles.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/09\/17071303\/urbanismo-romano-calles-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/09\/17071303\/urbanismo-romano-calles-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/09\/17071303\/urbanismo-romano-calles-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/09\/17071303\/urbanismo-romano-calles-290x192.jpg 290w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Representation of the Roman city of Mediolanum (present-day Milan). <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Mediolanum_Aerea.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><em>Wikimedia Commons.<\/em> <\/a><\/p>\n<p>Another singularity of the Roman streets was that they were built with a small elevation in the center<strong> to facilitate the flow of water <\/strong>towards the sewage systems. These streets were usually paved and, in some cases, had raised block systems that had a function similar to that of crosswalks, allowing pedestrians to cross the street without having to go down to the roadway.<\/p>\n<h2>In which cities can you find a Roman grid?<\/h2>\n<p>This urban development of Roman cities took shape over centuries as the Romans expanded their territory and <strong>established military colonies and bases<\/strong> in their new provinces.<\/p>\n<p>Today, historical records and archaeological remains make it possible to determine what the Roman layouts were like in many of today&#8217;s cities. A good example is <strong>Florence<\/strong>, a city that grew significantly during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, but also retains traces of its Roman past.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-51975\" src=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/09\/17071512\/urbanismo-romano-ciudades-hoy.jpg\" alt=\"Calle en Florencia\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/09\/17071512\/urbanismo-romano-ciudades-hoy.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/09\/17071512\/urbanismo-romano-ciudades-hoy-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/09\/17071512\/urbanismo-romano-ciudades-hoy-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/09\/17071512\/urbanismo-romano-ciudades-hoy-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/09\/17071512\/urbanismo-romano-ciudades-hoy-290x192.jpg 290w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Street in Florence. <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/es\/fotos\/un-par-de-edificios-que-estan-uno-al-lado-del-otro-sevJVfctsao\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Sarah Sheedy (Unsplash)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>The old town has a rectangular plan in which the Cardo and Decumanus, which intersect in <em>Piazza della Repubblica<\/em>, still survive. The succession of<strong> orderly, parallel streets<\/strong> in the historic center contrasts with many other European cities that grew during the Middle Ages, where the plan tends to be much more disorderly.<\/p>\n<p>Another city in which the remains of <strong>a Roman plan can be seen is M\u00e9rida<\/strong>. Although the composition has changed substantially, the historic center is still organized in a fairly orderly succession of streets arranged in a grid. These streets lead to places and monuments that maintain their Roman past, such as the bridge over the Guadiana, the arch of Trajan, the theater and the amphitheater.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zaragoza also stands out <\/strong>in the list of cities that maintain traces of Roman urban development. The ancient Caesaraugusta located its Cardo in what today is the area of Calle Don Jaime I, and its Decumanus in the surroundings of the Calle Mayor. In this way, the streets crossed the entire city from north to south and from east to west, connecting the gates of the city.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-51979\" src=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/09\/17071731\/urbanismo-romano-ciudades.jpg\" alt=\"Map of the Roman city of Caesaraugusta over present-day Zaragoza. \" width=\"600\" height=\"546\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/09\/17071731\/urbanismo-romano-ciudades.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/09\/17071731\/urbanismo-romano-ciudades-300x273.jpg 300w, https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/09\/17071731\/urbanismo-romano-ciudades-1024x931.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/static.ferrovial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/09\/17071731\/urbanismo-romano-ciudades-768x698.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Map of the Roman city of Caesaraugusta over present-day Zaragoza. <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Archivo:Mapa_Caesaraugusta.svg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><em>Wikimedia Commons.<\/em> <\/a><\/p>\n<p>And what about Rome? The truth is that the earliest Roman cities experienced organic, unplanned growth. A good example can be found in the Italian capital, which during its first years of history was formed in <strong>a chaotic and disorganized way<\/strong> around the hills and the Tiber River.<\/p>\n<p>And, as the Roman Empire passed its heyday and began to experience its decline, cities adapted and changed <strong>to meet new challenges<\/strong>. One of the main new challenges was defense, with many cities with orderly organization needing to build walls and fortresses. History moved on and gave way to the Middle Ages, a period in which cities changed and adopted other forms of expansion &#8211; maintaining, in many cases, the legacy that the Romans had left on their soils and streets.<\/p>\n<p><em>An article by Tania Alonso Cascallana<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Before laying the foundation stone of a new city, the Romans consulted wild animals to see if the chosen site was the right one. Numerous writings relate how, following the Etruscan tradition, they dissected an animal &#8211; usually a bird &#8211; to examine its entrails. If their lungs and stomachs were sound, it confirmed that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":51983,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"nivel-1":[4654],"nivel-2":[4744,6861,7241,7240,4742,4778],"nivel-3":[],"nivel-4":[],"nivel-5":[],"topic":[7296,7299],"coauthors":[6175],"class_list":["post-51986","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","nivel-1-construction","nivel-2-civil-engineering","nivel-2-conocimiento-y-aprendizaje","nivel-2-learning-and-knowledge","nivel-2-training","nivel-2-urban-infrastructure","nivel-2-urban-planning","topic-construction-and-infrastructure","topic-management-and-strategy"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>From Florence to Zaragoza, how the Roman cities were organized<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In some cities, such as Florence, Merida and Zaragoza, the layout left by the Romans thousands of years ago can still be seen today. 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